Which vessel has the highest priority in the pecking order when being overtaken?

When determining which vessel has the highest priority in the scenario of overtaking, the vessel being overtaken holds that critical position. According to navigation rules, specifically the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), the vessel that is being overtaken is entitled to maintain its course and speed. The vessel attempting to overtake has the responsibility to do so safely and must be aware of the maneuvers of the vessel being overtaken.

This priority exists because the overtaken vessel may be restricted in its ability to maneuver, especially if it is constrained by draft or operating in a narrow channel, thus requiring others to yield to its course. The overtaking vessel must assess the situation carefully and take action to safely pass while respecting the navigational standing of the vessel ahead. This ensures safety and reduces the risk of collisions, which is paramount in maritime navigation.

The other options do not align with this rule since the control of course can shift, and the size of the vessel does not determine the right of way in overtaking situations; it is the status of being overtaken that governs the priority.